Elemental bioavailability in whey protein supplements

Whey protein (WP) as a dietary supplement for athletes and gym-users is characterized by content of high-quality amino acids. The benefits their consumption are well-known mainly related to the improvements strength body composition. Nevertheless, there scarce information about risk associated elemental aim was evaluate total bioavailability twenty-five elements in twenty whey powder samples, using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, possible excessive daily intake such products. Results showed that Na, K, Ca Mg were most predominant elements. After Hierarchical Cluster Analysis three different groups supplements observed. ANOVA analysis indicates concentration K above mentioned key observed classification. average bioavailable fraction stomach 45 % whereas intestine 64 %. Most tested (nineteen) show gastric higher than 60 %, being Al lowest (37 %) Co highest one (76 %). According our results, previously published data recommendations producers, WP samples can be considered save from composition point view.